Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often face unique health challenges, including an increased chance of developing metabolic diseases and GI issues. These conditions can significantly impact their quality of life and overall physical health. A balanced diet is key in mitigating these risks and promoting long-term, sustainable health. By understanding the relationship between nutrition and its health outcomes, individuals with DS, along with their families and caregivers, can work towards achieving their best health and gain independence in the process.
In a 2014 study on the gastrointestinal disorders in Down syndrome, researchers found that individuals with DS, “may develop structural and functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and related structures more commonly” (Holmes G., 2014). These commonly found issues were acid reflux, obesity, coeliac disease, and even Type-2 diabetes. Poor nutrition can also lead to long term health issues such as cardiovascular issues, respiratory problems, or cognitive decline.
Multiple factors contribute to this, from developmental anomalies to feeding difficulties, there is no finite answer to the increased rate of metabolic diseases and subsequent GI issues.
“You are what you eat”, a colloquial phrase often overheard in casual conversations and dietary discussions. To some degree, this statement would ring true. However, every type of diet is highly contested and debated. From plant-based vegans to carnists, there isn’t a specific diet that one should follow—rather moderation and balance should be the primary focus. Practicing those habits will allow anyone, of any genetic variation, to manage their health and avoid preventable diseases.
At a two-day conference held in 2015, Joan Guthrie Medlen, Med, RDN, LD, a registered dietitian specializing in Down syndrome, gave “Advice for People with Down Syndrome on Eating Well and Living Well”. In this lecture, Dr. Medlen shares her tips on leading a healthier lifestyle. The three takeaways of her lecture were to employ the trust model as a lifelong process, approach “behavior as communication” and independently envision a healthy lifestyle.
In layman’s terms, the trust model is essentially feeding a child when they’re hungry and stopping when they show us they’ve had enough. At every age, it should be up to the child to decide how much to eat from the food offered. This encourages independence and helps individuals practice making informed choices throughout their lifetime. Secondly, taking the “behavior as communication” approach will be beneficial, especially if the individual is non verbal. From infancy, we learn to convey through behaviors before words, so this isn’t any different, it is just another form of communication. Lastly, Dr. Medlen talks about individuals with DS envisioning their reality of health. What does health mean to them?
What does a healthier lifestyle look like? By asking these questions, individuals with DS can gain greater autonomy and have a easier time reaching goals due to the lack of external influence.
Ultimately, everyone needs to follow a balanced diet with moderate movement, but it’s crucial for individuals with DS. This will improve their quality of life, health, and mental well being. Hopefully, this brief insight into the connection between nutrition and Down Syndrome will inspire you or a loved one to transition towards greater health and a longer life!
References
Holmes G. (2014). Gastrointestinal disorders in Down syndrome. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench, 7(1), 6–8.
Global Down Syndrome Foundation. (2016). Down syndrome expert and renowned dietician shares three important takeaways. https://www.